Laura I Appleman Volume 75, Issue 4, 913-976 Who is accountable for the imposition of punishment in our carceral system? The answer used to be much simpler, as we held local, state, and federal government actors responsible. In recent decades, however, our...
The Business of Abortion: Access to Capital Post Dobbs
Itay Ravid & Jonathan Zandberg Volume 75, Issue 4, 977-1046 Access to credit—that is, the ability to receive financial leverage that could help jump-start businesses—is one of the most significant barriers preventing millions of American women from opening new...
The Myth of DNA Trade Secrecy
Jacob S. Sherkow Volume 75, Issue 4, 1047-1096 Are DNA sequences subject to trade secrecy protection? At least three decades of scholarship has assumed so even while there is no explicit statutory authority directly on point and very few reported decisions in the...
Torn Between the Two: Practicing Law or Religion
Amna Qamer Volume 75, Issue 4, 1097-1138 United States courts have long struggled to define the intersection of public institutions and religious practices. Though higher education institutions aim to enrich their campuses with diverse communities, they often fail to...
Care and Custody in Federal Bank Robbery
Victor Qiu Volume 75, Issue 4, 1139-1164 By the time federal appellate courts began to examine the withdrawal of money from an ATM and the question of to whom that money belongs pursuant to the first paragraph of the Federal Bank Robbery Act (“FBRA”), 18 U.S.C....
The Duty to Diversify and the Logic of Indexing
Richard A. Booth Volume 75, Issue 3, 555-600 Index funds, such as those that track the S&P 500, are popular with investors because they offer maximum diversification—and thus minimum risk—with management fees that are far lower than those charged by traditional,...
Creating Compliance Climates
Craig Cowie Volume 75, Issue 3, 601-660 Relatively few regulated entities are the targets of enforcement activity or otherwise have direct contact with regulators. Given that absence of direct contact, this Article posits that regulators influence behavior by creating...
Proactive International Law
Michal Saliternik & Sivan Shlomo Agon Volume 75, Issue 3, 661-712 International law is notably reactive in nature. For the most part, international norms and institutions have been devised in response to previously observed crises and incidents—be they wars,...
The Intrusive State: Restrictions on Gender-Affirming Healthcare for Minors, Exceptions to the Doctrine of Parental Consent, and Reliance on Science and Medical Expertise
Lois A. Weithorn Volume 75, Issue 3, 713-822 The provision of gender-affirming medical care to transgender or gender diverse (“TGD”) youth is currently the subject of substantial controversy despite an overwhelming consensus in the healthcare community as to the...
Paying the Penultimate Price: Compensating Predeath Pain and Suffering in California
Daniel Cassee Volume 75, Issue 3, 823-852 Senate Bill 447, California’s recent lift of the ban on recovery of damages for a decedent’s pain, suffering, and disfigurement in survival actions marks a necessary change in the state’s tort law, avoiding the arbitrary and...